| Premenstrual Syndrome
(PMS) What is premenstrual
syndrome?
Most women experience some unpleasant or uncomfortable
symptoms during their menstrual cycle. For some women, the symptoms are significant, but
of short duration and not disabling. Other
women, however, may have one or more of a broad range of symptoms that temporarily disturb
normal functioning. These symptoms may last from a few hours to many days. The types and
intensity of symptoms vary in individuals. This group of symptoms is referred to as
premenstrual syndrome, or PMS. Although the symptoms usually cease with onset of the
menstrual period, in some women, symptoms may last through and after their periods.
What are the symptoms of PMS?
The following are the most common symptoms of
premenstrual syndrome. However, each individual may experience symptoms
differently. Symptoms may include:
mood alteration
and psychological effects
- irritability
- nervousness
- lack of control
- agitation
- anger
- insomnia
- difficulty in concentrating
- lethargy
- depression
- severe fatigue
- anxiety
fluid retention
- edema
- periodic weight gain
- oliguria (diminished urine formation)
- breast fullness and pain
respiratory problems
eye complaints
- visual disturbances
- conjunctivitis
|
gastrointestinal
symptoms
- bloating
- constipation
- nausea
- vomiting
- changes in appetite
- pelvic heaviness or pressure
- backache
skin problems
- acne
- neurodermatitis (skin inflammation with itching)
- aggravation of other skin disorders
neurologic and vascular symptoms
- headache
- vertigo
- syncope (fainting)
- numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened
sensitivity of arms and/or legs
- easy bruising
- heart palpitations
|
What causes PMS?
Premenstrual syndrome seems to be related to fluctuations
in estrogen and progesterone. The following has been suggested
as possible causes of PMS:
- estrogen-progesterone imbalance
- hyperprolactinemia (excessive secretion of prolactin, the hormone that
stimulates breast development)
- excessive aldosterone, or ADH (hormone that functions in the regulation
of the metabolism of sodium, chloride, and potassium)
- carbohydrate metabolism changes
- retention of sodium and water by the kidneys
- hypoglycemia (low blood-glucose)
Treatment for PMS:
Specific treatment for PMS will be determined by your physician based on:
- your age, overall health, and medical history
- extent of the disorder
- your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- expectations for the course of the disorder
- your opinion or preference
In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination,
counseling with your physician regarding symptoms can increase understanding and lead to
activities for stress management. Other possible treatment protocols for managing
premenstrual syndrome symptoms may include:
- diuretic use prior to the time symptoms are usually noted
(to reduce
fluid retention)
- progesterone (hormone treatment)
- changing the diet (to increase protein and decrease sugar and caffeine
intake)
- antidepressant medication
Click here to view the
Online Resources page of this web. |
