What is diarrhea?
Diarrhea is defined either as watery stool, or increased frequency, or both, when compared to a normal amount. It is a common problem that may last a few days and disappear on its own.

Diarrhea may be acute (short-term), which is usually related to bacterial or viral infections, or chronic (long-term), which is usually related to a functional disorder or intestinal disease.

What causes diarrhea?
Diarrhea may be caused by a number of conditions, including:

• a bacterial infection
• a viral infection
• food intolerances or allergies
• parasites
• a reaction to medications
• an intestinal disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease
• a functional bowel disorder, such as irritable bowel syndrome
• a result of surgery on the stomach or gall bladder

Many people suffer "traveler's diarrhea" caused by a bacterial infection or a parasite, or even food poisoning.

Severe diarrhea may indicate a serious disease, and it is important to consult a physician if the symptoms persist or affect daily activities. Identifying the cause of the problem may be difficult.

Dehydration can be a serious side effect of diarrhea. Symptoms of dehydration include:

> thirst
> less-frequent urination
> dry skin
> fatigue
> light-headedness

In children, additional symptoms may include:

> dry mouth and tongue

> no tears when crying

> no wet diapers for more than 3 hours

> sunken abdomen, eyes, or cheeks

> high fever

> listlessness

> irritability

> skin that does not flatten when pinched and released

Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders

• cramping
• abdominal pain
• bloating
• nausea
• urgent need to use the restroom
• fever
• bloody stools

The symptoms of diarrhea may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Consult your physician for a diagnosis.

How is diarrhea diagnosed?
In addition to a complete physical examination and laboratory tests for blood and urine, the physician may request:

• laboratory examination of stool sample
• additional blood tests
• fasting tests
• sigmoidoscopy
• colonoscopy

Treatment for diarrhea:
Specific treatment will be determined by your physician(s) based on:

• your age, overall health, and medical history
• extent of the disorder
• your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• expectations for the course of the disorder
• your opinion or preference

Treatment usually involves replacing lost fluids, and may include antibiotics when bacterial infections are the cause.

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